New York City was established in the 1620s, when Dutch settlers bought Manhattan Island from the Lenape for 60 guilders. Four decades later, the English seized control of the Island, renaming it New York for the Duke of York, James II. Early on, New York City became the heart of America. It was a significant locale for the American Revolution and the New Republic, becoming the nation’s first federal capital and most populous city. For the next century, New York City would rise above all other metropolises as the center of immigration and culture, architecture, entertainment, manufacturing, communications, and sport. In the 1920s a horse-racing columnist coined the moniker “The Big Apple.”